Legalization

There are a few issues in our general public, the vast majority of which concerns unlawful exchanges and restricted activities. What comprise the community’s essential legitimate issues are drugs, same-sex relationships, premature birth and those issues which questions or comprises of logical advancement, for example, issues about cloning, immature microorganism research and in-vitro preparation. Be that as it may, there were a few discussions with respect to this issue, concerning whether the network â€Å"illicit problems† are extremely illicit or not. In capable for us to recognize in the case of something is intended to be sanctioned or whether an activity ought to be restricted, a more critical look about authorization is somewhat pivotal. Sanctioning is really a procedure in which something is expelled from being a wrongdoing. It will at that point be a demonstration that is passable and not to be considered as an offense any longer. Those wrongdoings that are to be legitimized are disputable violations, since it doesn’t truly have a casualty or it doesn't jeopardize anybody beside the individual him/herself. The focal point of this paper would be the authorization of a medication prevalently referred to as pot or deductively called as cannabis. As indicated by http://www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/, an online webpage whose point is to introduce contentions in favor and against the utilization of weed in ready to advise the residents, reports that almost about 5.9 million Americans are captured due to just the utilization and ownership of cannabis. Also they express that on the year 2000, about 88% of the absolute number of the captured maryjane related infringement are accuse of ownership while the staying 12% incorporates infringement for â€Å"sale/manufacture† of the plant itself. They demand that, the quantity of the individuals captured from cannabis dwarfed the individuals who are captured from burglary, murder, assault and attack which are increasingly rough violations. The greater part of the supporters of the law to boycott the utilization of weed are under the thought that weed is a venturing stone medication, which it might additionally prompt habit and may advance the utilization of harder sorts of medications. Others are worried about its prompt impacts which results to transient memory misfortune and mishaps. Preservationists accept that legitimization of cannabis would really make it open to numerous individuals and may likewise be utilized by youngsters, since guideline of the medication is hard. The individuals who are illegal accept on the recommendation that were really against or in restriction of the remain of the supporters. For one, there are clinical investigations that were made that really demonstrate that with control, smoking weed is far more secure than drinking liquor and smoking cigarette. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that the yearly Americans passings brought about by weed or hashish are zero contrast with somewhere in the range of 100,000 to 400, 000 brought about by tobacco and liquor clients separately; the individuals who have kicked the bucket because of the utilization of different medications checks 10,000 to 20, 000, roughly, clearly higher than the utilization of weed. (legalizationofmarijuana.com) They likewise contended that it would help the legislature particularly the police power to center themselves to progressively brutal wrongdoings that would require more consideration. The sanctioning of cannabis would likewise be a danger to the greater part of the street pharmacists in such a case that it would be promptly be moderate and available for general society, at that point it would be sold in lower cost, devastating their monetary profits. Beside this, maryjane doesn’t impede the resistant framework; it doesn't execute synapses dissimilar to utilizing tobacco, cigarettes and alcohol.â Actually there had never been any records that would relate cannabis and demise. (Messerli, 2006) Drinking liquor has come about to such a large number of mishaps, had it been boycott for being so? No. It is he same with smoking tobacco which have taken such a large number of lives and who have likewise been caused of sicknesses and passings of even those individuals who are not utilizing or smoking it. Why that these two were not being prohibited in a similar sense as maryjane are as a rule so? I think this is to a greater degree a business related occasion instead of something political. In the event that one would look all the more carefully, clearly weed is something that is far more secure than liquor and tobacco, yet the administration demonstrations against weed under the supposition that it is a sedative medication and the greater part of sedative medications are hazardous, along these lines cannabis is likewise risky. Clearly this supposition that is bogus, and really if the administration is actually that worried about the residents they should as preclude drinking liquor and smoking tobacco. Doing so would most likely utilize this substance costly, less individuals would need to utilize it or even attempt it. There would be less passings identified with these substances, less mishaps and individuals would have the option to spend their salaries and assets for progressively helpful things. By and large, it would fulfill more individuals, it would result to a progressively quiet network, and issues would be looked in an increasingly judicious manner. On the off chance that these substances would not be disallowed, at that point what is the purpose behind restricting cannabis? Weed are said to have such a significant number of useful impacts and has no demonstrated terrible impacts. It can't cause demise. Sanctioning its utilization would be exceptionally advantageous for the usage of more laws and would spare the administration time, exertion and assets. To be sure maryjane can caused changes in the discernment of a man, including some momentary memory lost; be that as it may, it would just keep going for only a couple of moments or an hour or two, in substantial portions. With respect to a smoking, smoking weed would most likely outcomes to intense bronchitis and other aspiratory issues. Anyway as what the discoveries of Janet E. Happiness and her associates at the Institute of Medicine, these medical issues would just persevere upon long haul utilization of weed in overwhelming portions. Likewise, biting cannabis could really recuperate a portion of the intricacies that excite from it. Along these lines, cannabis should be sanctioned. It would be progressively useful for the administration, it would present less wellbeing danger and it can prompt more noteworthy developments and examination with respect to the issues that worries it. Additionally, it is lawful in different nations, most remarkably in Jamaica, for what reason would it be advisable for it to not be legitimized in our nation? It is significant that administrators would address the genuine worries of the residents and take a gander at the method of reasoning behind their choices, not some strange suppositions. Works Cited: Satisfaction, J. E.  Benson, J. A.  Watson, S. J.  (1999). Maryjane and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. National Academy Press. Legalizationofmarijuana.com. (2007). US Policy on Marijuana. Recovered on August 16, 2007. Recovered from the World Wide Web: http://www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/index.html Messerli,â Joe (2006) Should Marijuana be Legalized under any Circumstances? Recovered on August 16, 2007. Recovered from the World Wide Web: http://www.balancedpolitics.org/marijuana_legalization.htm Â

Unforgettable Trials free essay sample

After the thirty-minute vessel ride, the nine different Americans and I showed up in the little, yet wonderful angling town of Balawing. We were still in the primary seven day stretch of our fourteen day church summer crucial to the Philippines, and were having a ball in a totally depleted sort of way. Right when we ventured out of the vessel, a significant number of the poor inhabitant families welcomed us in the Philippine national language, Tagalog, which just four of our gathering could scarcely talk. We had gone to the island to pass out gave garments, toys, and medication, just as to make a solid floor for their little church. Simply glancing around, I realized it is difficult to remain and help there †the correspondence issue was quite obvious, and no place in sight were beds for us to stay in bed, open bathrooms or showers to utilize, or even solid blend to make the floor with. We will compose a custom article test on Exceptional Trials or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Fortunately, we carried little tents with us, and there were a couple of interpreters there for us. The townspeople helped us convey our stuff to where we would set up our tents, grinning the entire time as they helped us. As we set up our tents, huge numbers of the youngsters lounged around us, timidly viewing. For the greater part of them, this was the first occasion when they had seen individuals who didn’t communicate in their language †we resembled famous people to them. At the point when we wrapped setting up the tents and placing our stuff in them, the folks in our gathering went option to work making sense of how we would make the solid. Different young ladies and I chose we’d play with the children, however we weren’t very sure how to begin. We chose to play tag with them, so one young lady in our gathering ran up and labeled one of them. They right away got on and we had an incredible round of tag, despite the fact that we couldn’t even spea k with one another. We played until supper was served, which comprised of fish (eyeballs, scales, and all), colossal shrimp, and rice, with coconut milk to drink. I scarcely contacted my food, aside from the rice, as I’m very little of a test eater, and afterward went to my tent, as I was amazingly depleted. That night it poured more earnestly than I have ever experienced downpour in my life! I could hear thunder surrounding us and the downpour beat on our safe house. The water spilled through the edges of our tents, splashing our garments and camping beds. I in the end nodded off, yet in what felt like just a couple of moments later I woke up to certain children giggling outside my tent. We just remained in the town of Balawing for three days, yet it felt like in any event three weeks. The entire thing was probably the greatest test that I have ever experienced in my life. I for all intents and purposes starved from eating scarcely anything, making due on coconut milk and singed bananas. I rested in a tent outside during a genuine hurricane. My lone showers were from super cold cans. I blended heaps of mud and shakes along with a scoop to make concrete. Every night I just got a couple of long periods of rest. Be that as it may, the experience was really stunning. I helped make creature inflatables for kids so as to show them God’s creation. I for one educated around fifty children to play Duck Goose without communicating in their language. A few children showed me a Tagalog little kids’ game and tune that I despite everything recollect now. I had the option to impart my confidence to certain adolescents through an interpreter. I siphoned water from an u nderground well. I became hopelessly enamored with some astounding children that demonstrated me their interesting, superb characters without communicating in my language. I really moved up a coconut tree! The entire end of the week was an astonishing encounter, and despite the fact that it was just a couple of days, it was my preferred piece of the entire fourteen day outing to the Philippines. I experienced such a large number of preliminaries, and yet I had some good times. I developed to truly adore the children I met and I will never at any point overlook the experience.

The False Protagonist Dont Be Afraid to Fool Your Readers

The False Protagonist Dont Be Afraid to Fool Your Readers When Alfred Hitchcock released his seminal film Psycho in 1960, he did more than create a standard for what would later be known as the slasher flick genre. He gave us one of the first cinematic examples of a false protagonistâ€"a narrative technique that has been used successfully by writers and filmmakers ever since to challenge audiences preconceived notions and offer up a surprise twist to the traditional narrative form.As audiences watched the opening 20 minutes of the movie, Marion Crane (played by actress Janet Leigh) was the films obvious protagonist. The setting is Phoenix, Arizona, and the date is Friday, December 11th, at 2:43 p.m. The camera pans into an upper-level apartment downtown, where Marion, a secretary taking an extended lunch break, is seen lying in bed after an afternoon tryst with her lover.The two discuss the circumstances under which they have been meeting and the reason they are unable to get married in order to have more a respectable rendezvousâ€"Sam, Mar ions boyfriend, is in debt and unable to afford to marry her. The lovers depart with uncertainty over their future, as Marion returns to her job at a real estate office, where she works as a secretary.The series of events that unfold next show Marion stealing $40,000 in cash from her employer and heading out of town to give it to Sam in hopes that their future would be less uncertain. Despite the criminal act, we see Marions frustration at the circumstances and experience sympathy toward her (as we would with any protagonist) as she attempts to avoid suspicion.Actress Janet Leigh in Alfred Hitchcocks PsychoOn the second day of her trip, she encounters a rainstorm that makes it difficult for her to see the road well enough to drive. Through the rain, she sees a sign for Bates Motel. Despite not seeing any other cars there, she decides to stop and stay for the night, and soon meets another characterâ€"a shy, soft-spoken man who introduces himself as Norman Bates. Marion gets a room at the motel to wait out the storm after discovering that she is only a few minutes away from where Sam is (and perhaps the rest of their lives together).Forty-seven minutes into the film, after audiences are fully convinced Marion is the protagonist, she is suddenly killed in the iconic shower scene that made Psycho one of the most well-known horror films of all time. In this way, Alfred Hitchcock presents a flawless example of a false protagonist, and how the narrative device can be used to carefully manipulate audiences. Its arguably what made Psycho so appealing and the reason Hitchcock requested that movie theater managers not admit latecomers to the show.The result of the switch in protagonist (from the audiences perspective) achieves several things. First, it is jarring, and therefore memorable. Beyond the risqué moments in the film that made it stand apart from other movies that had come before it, it became instantly famous among film critics and audiences alike. Everyone ta lked about it, and in such, Hitchcocks use of the false protagonist made the movie an instant success.More false protagonists in filmThe use of a false protagonist is more commonly seen in film than in literature. One reason it is easier to achieve a false protagonist in film than it is in literature is the use of star powerâ€"or famous actors/actresses who might attract audiences to a movie but are later killed off early (as is the case with Janet Leigh in Psycho).Another great example of a false protagonist in film is Scream (1996), another slasher flick directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. Barely 15 minutes into the movie, a character who appears to be the protagonist, Casey Becker (played by Drew Barrymore) is killed off, leaving the lesser-known actress (Neve Campbell) in the movies true protagonist role. This twist was especially jarring for audiences because Drew Barrymore was the most prominent actress seen on the poster for the movie.In The Place Beyond t he Pines, a 2012 crime drama directed by Derek Cianfrance, the character of Luke Glanton (played by actor Ryan Gosling) is seemingly the protagonist of the movie until he is shot in the stomach and falls out of a window to his death early in the film. As the most obvious figure on the movie poster, and the focus of the films trailer, Lukes role is one of a false protagonist who essentially haunts the rest of the film.Finally, there is The Godfather, a 1972 crime drama directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based on Mario Puzos best-selling novel of the same name. The movie offers a false protagonist through Marlon Brandos character, Don Vito Corleone, the aging patriarch of a New York City mafia family. Hes also the only character featured on the movies poster. Even the title of this film is deceiving, as the assumed mafia Godfather, Don Vito Corleone, is shot early in the film and spends most of his screen time in the hospital, eventually dying of a heart attack. His son, Michael (pl ayed by Al Pacino), a US Marine war hero returning home from his service in World War II, is later revealed to be the true protagonist. His character arc is the most significant and dynamic one of the film, and by the end, he takes on the role of the patriarch of the crime family.Al Pacino in The GodfatherThe false protagonist in literatureAlthough the Marion Crane/Norman Bates protagonist switch is one of the best-known examples of a false protagonist in modern film making, Alfred Hitchcock wasnt the first to use the device in his work. In fact, from a literary perspective, use of the device can be seen as far back as The Holy Bible, particularly in the Book of Samuel.The Book of Samuel begins with the birth of Samuel and follows his life as a young boy who receives a calling from God. It continues to reveal details of Israels oppression by the Philistines, the wars that occurred between the two groups, and the moment when Samuel anoints Saul to be Israels first king.However, Saul proves to be unworthy to lead the Israelites out from under the Philistines oppression, and audiences are introduced to David, a young shepherd and musician who eventually defeats the Philistines most revered warrior, Goliath. This momentous defeat does not occur in the book until chapter 17, making Samuel a false protagonist until the real protagonistâ€"Davidâ€"is revealed. Not only is David the real protagonist of the Book of Samuel but he becomes one of the most well-known and important characters of The Holy Bible as a whole.Another false protagonist can be seen in George R. R. Martins epic fantasy series, A Song of Ice and Fire. The first novel of the series, A Game of Thrones, introduces the character of Ned Stark, a protagonist that appeals to audiences for his bravery and leadership as patriarch of the Stark family and lord of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North on the fictional continent of Westeros. Starks execution near the end of the book makes him a false prota gonist of the series, which would continue for seven more books (two of which are yet to be written).Ned Stark in the HBO film adaptation of A Game of ThronesCreating a false protagonistIf you are a writer and wishing to use a false protagonist as a literary device for your own work, these examples weve discussed are a good start in determining how to do it. However, as noted earlier, there are many more examples of a false protagonist in film than in literatureâ€"primarily because it isnt easy to pull off (in both cases, but the latter especially).A false protagonist is, above all else, an effective method of shocking your audience and ensuring that your story is memorable. In that sense, its easy for audiences to see it as a gimmick rather than an important facet of storytelling, so use the technique wisely (and sparingly) in your writing for maximum effect. If you craft a protagonist that audiences begin to care about, and then suddenly switch to another protagonistâ€"particularl y by killing off the firstâ€"you risk losing your readers out of sheer disappointment. So, dont be afraid to do it, as long as you understand the technique (and potential risks) involved.

The Death Penalty And Capital Punishment - 2746 Words

The death penalty and capital punishment were brought to America from Britain when America was colonized. This paper will argue why the death penalty is an outdated punishment and that it needs to be banned in America. When analyzing certain key points as crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics it becomes evident that the death penalty should be ruled illegal in the United States. Firstly regarding the history of how capital punishment came to America from Britain and the many forms of early execution are discussed. Going over the history of how the death penalty and capital punishment came about helps create a nice foundation on how the United States is moving forward as a country. From first†¦show more content†¦The staggering overpopulation of correctional facilities in the United States is then slightly touched on. As one of the largest factors of the ban of the death penalty, wrongful convictions are looked at. With the example of Henry McCullom, a man from North Carolina who served 30 years on death row before being proven innocent as an example. The ethics of this case and the morality of the United States are then analyzed offering a look into the irresponsibility of the justice system. The justice system also lacks a sense of accountability for these wrongful convictions. Through the analysis of the main points of the death penalty as in crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics this paper details the issues that point to the banning of the death penalty in America. This is evident by the decreased crime rates, the money saved by the state, and the moral image of the United States. Introduction to the Death Penalty in America The United States of America has one of the strongest governments in the history of the world. Unfortunately, even the best governments are flawed. Amongst these flaws is a great debate centered on the death penalty (capital punishment). Capital punishment is a sentence given to a criminal charged with a crime so severe it is punishable by their death. Capital punishment can be seen in American history as far back as 1606.

Cognitive, Motor, And Social Emotional Skills - 799 Words

During growth and development children are expected to meet certain milestones at specific ages. No two children are exactly alike. Children grow and develop at their own pace. However, parents or primary care providers may notice slow or absent growth and development in a child. Developmental screenings take place initially. When abnormal growth and development are noted; a developmental assessment is warranted. The developmental assessment will aid in recognition of the development and growth concern. Also, prevent any further delays and enabling prompt and essential interventions to take place; to enhance growth and development. The developmental assessment will examine cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, Blosser, 2013). Each developmental tool used should be compatible with the age of the child; to ensure accurate results. The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language (REEL) Scale can be used to address speech and language concerns. Tools used to assess emotional and social behavior include ASQ: Social Emotional (ASQ: SE), the Temperament and Atypical Behavior Scale (TABS), and the Infant-Toddler and Family Instrument (ITFI) (Burns et al., 2013). The primary care provider can use other techniques to assess and screen for developmental delays. In my opinion, all tools utilized have the potential to enhance other gathered viable information. For instance, the parents may have a concern and is unable to convey the informationShow MoreRelatedPhysical Development ( Fine And Gross Motor Skills864 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment (fine and gross motor skills) at this age Fine Motor skills: Kearns states in ( pg 186-170) that fine motor skills involve all functions involving the use of the wrist, palm of the hand and fingers. While children at this stage may appear to have endless energy, they can still tire easily, so a balance of rest and activity is still necessary. Some children in this stage may appear unsuitable attempting one skill, while appearing quite accomplished at other skills; for example, they may drawRead MorePrograming Effect On Child Development1017 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical development, cognitive development, emotional development, and social development. Physical Development Physical development provides children with abilities they need to explore the world around them. Physical development allows children to learn how to control their sensorimotor actions and allows the body to grow alongside with their ever expanding capabilities. Programing helps physical development in many ways, such as hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. Hand-eye coordinationRead MoreEffects Of Early Childhood Intervention Programs1437 Words   |  6 Pageshuman beings develops through environmental and social interaction. Although there are various debates on the effects of early childhood intervention programs such a preschool programs on future development, the positive interactions that children experience during early intervention programs are seen to be correlated to their future developmental skills in a positive manner. Although heritability has the potential to alter ones developmental skills, there are still many different modes to which mostRead MoreChild Development Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagespsychological and emotional between the birth and the end of adolescence. It is a continuous progress but it does not progress at the same rate because each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. And this developmental change occurs by strong influenced by genetic factors. â€Å"The study of human deve lopment explores how and why people change as they grow older and how and why they remain the same (Berger Thompson, 1996)†. 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This report will discuss the various mild stones, obstacles, goals and development reached by Alina during her first two years of life. The purpose of this paper is to compare different theories of development to the early years of life, it will also touch basis on achieved motor skills expected in the first yearsRead MoreNotes On D I Conducted Many Assessments833 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowth, development and learning. The domains were physical: gross motor and fine motor, language development, cognitive development, social development and emotional development. The different assessments I used was a checklist, photos, rubrics, a work sample, a voice recording, anecdotal records, and a running record. For ‘D’s’ gross motor development I did a checklist, took pictures and did a rubric. I found that ‘D’s motor skills were on target for his age. He can run, jump, walk, catch and throwRead MoreThe Effects Of Adhd On Children s Overall Development1318 Words   |  6 Pageschild’s overall development. It doesn’t impact them as much as some disorders do, but it does take effect. It has no effect on their language and as far as my research shows, it has little or no effect on their self-help skills either, however it does effect the cognitive, and fine motor domains. About half of all the children who have ADHD also have a learning disability. â€Å"Among the children who did not have a learning disability, children with ADHD had more learning problems than children without ADHDRead MoreLearning Value of Visual Arts -Ece832 Words   |  4 PagesVygotsky’s Social Learning Theory. Art as mere creative expression has been the dominant theme for much of the twentieth century. However, researchers have been finding connections between learning in the visual arts and the acquisition of knowledge and skills in other areas. Art like text can be used as a source to practice critical thinking. Art can also be used to teach children about culture, traditions, history and even social issues. The process of creating art contributes to the cognitive, physicalRead MoreThe Principles, Sequences And Stages Of A Child s Growth And Development1284 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth and development. This includes Social development, Physical Development, Intellectual development and communication development. Physical development outlines the basic body changes which you begin to develop such as fine motor skills, which is like writing and so on. This also includes social development, where you will meet new people everyday and interact with them, and become more involved in the re lationships you will share with others. Emotional development where you will be understanding

Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale Free Essays

Reliability and Validity of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Texas Aamp;M University Psychology 203 Introduction The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Rosenber Self-Esteem scale scores. Reliability is simply whether the measurement tool you are using measures something consistently. For example does the same test show the same results when administered repeatedly. We will write a custom essay sample on Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Validity is the aspect of a measuring tool that signifies its measuring what it says it does. A valid test measures what it says it’s measuring. However you can have a test that is reliable and not valid, for example if a teacher administers a spelling test that the student has to complete on the computer in a five minute time period. A student may get the same score over and over again, indicating it’s reliable, but it may not be valid because what if that student was slow at typing but knew how to spell every word. The test would not be valid because it’s not measuring just spelling as intended but also typing speed. Both reliability and validity are crucial in and study because if the research instruments are not reliable and valid, then the results of your experiment will always be in question. Method All ninety-nine Aamp;M students (N=99) that participated in the survey were in the same statistical writing course and were required to take the survey as part of the course curriculum. The survey consisted of 24 males and 75 females, with the average age of these participants being around 20 years old, ranging anywhere from 19 to 24 (M=20. 7, SD=. 997). the survey measured self-esteem by using ten items from the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The students were scored by taking the mean of all their responses to the ten questions. 10 different statements that the participant rated on a scale of 1 to 7, (1 being â€Å"disagree strongly † and 7 being â€Å"agree strongly†), the higher the score the higher the individuals self-esteem. The scale consisted of 5 revers coded items; an exampl e of a normal item is â€Å"on the whole I am satisfied with myself†. A reverse coded item is an opposite statement for example is â€Å"I feel I do not have much to be proud of†. Results The 10 item subscale from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale appeared to have good internal consistency, (? = . 90). All the survey question appeared to be worth keeping: in fact the deletion of any of the questions would have resulted in a lower alpha score. All 99 participants (N=99) responses to the 10 item survey were averaged together and the self-esteem score for all the participants had ranged from 2. 6-7 with a mean of 5. 4 (M=5. 4, SD=1. 08). The frequency distribution of the average self-esteem scores, illustrated on the histogram, portrays a distribution that is pretty normal but somewhat negatively. This negative distributions means that the participants more frequently had high self-esteem scores than low scores. In fact no participants had a self-esteem score lower than 2. 6. Discussion To ensure that the survey instrument used in this study was actually measuring self-esteem we took a measure of Cronbachs alpha ( or ? ), which is a special measure of reliability known as internal consistency. The internal consistency reliability of survey instruments (e. g. Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale), is a measure of reliability of different survey items intended to measure the same characteristic, in this case self-esteem. For example, there were 10 different questions related to self-esteem level. Each question implies a response scale from 1 to 7. Responses from the group of the 99 respondents have been obtained. In reality, answers to different questions vary for each particular respondent, although the items are intended to measure the same aspect or quantity. The smaller this variability (or stronger the correlation), the greater the internal consistency reliability of this survey instrument. So in this survey the self-esteem scale was found to be highly reliable (10 items; = . 90). We can safely assume that our survey items reliably measure self-esteem levels. One other way we might have assessed reliability would have been to get all the participants to take another Self-Esteem survey of similar design but with different questions. In social sciences in particular making sure that your research has construct validity is very important. Construct validity has traditionally been defined as the experimental demonstration that a test is measuring the construct it claims to be measuring, in laymen’s terms; does the measuring tool actually measure the theory under examination.? â€Å"Am I actually measuring what I think I am measuring? In our example construct validity would be how well dos our observational tool (Rosenberg self-esteem scale) assess one dimension of self-esteem. We could of inter-correlated measures of depression with the measures of the revers coded items (SE3,SE5,SE8,SE9,SE10), because depression and the revers coded items have similar underlying constructs. Finally the low correlation between height and self-esteem in our study strengthens our construct validity. I believe it strengthens the overall resolve because common theories of self-esteem have no reliable and valid evidence correlating the two, so we can assume that construct between the two would be low, and if our study showed a strong relationship it would be casue for questions. How to cite Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale, Papers

The Relevant Theories About Reward Management Commerce Essay Example For Students

The Relevant Theories About Reward Management Commerce Essay Reward direction has been described as a cardinal map in HRM systems in modern organisations, and it is frequently designed to pull, retain and actuate employees ( Milkovich and Newman, 2004 cited in Yu, Ying ying and Angeles, 2011, pp 2 ) . Because of the strategic nature of human resource in the attainment of corporate ends and organisational fight ( Wright and McMahan, 1992 ) , many writers have discussed the topic of wages direction from different positions. Some of these positions focus on spliting reward systems into two classs ; Extrinsic and intrinsic wagess. Extrinsic wages systems by and large focus on offering performance-linked salary additions, pecuniary wagess, long term inducement programs, team-based wagess, and security benefits to employees ( Laursen and Foss, 2003 ) . These writers argue in favor of the values of these types of wages in hiking the morale of employees and bettering their productiveness as the same clip. The consequence of this to the organisation is better bottom line public presentation through increased gross and profitableness ( Yu, Ying Yang and Angeles, 2011 ) . Intrinsic wagess are non-monetary wagess and could come in signifier of enriching occupation duty and authorization ( Oldham and Cummings, 1996 ) , supplying preparation resources and comprehensive acquisition chances ( Hennessey and Amabile, 1998 ) , and keeping good interpersonal relationships among employees ( Ruppel and Harrington, 2000 ) . Yu, Ying and Angeles ( 2011 ) place two reward direction positions based on the above categorization and they call extrinsic wages systems, utilitarianism and intrinsic wages systems, romanticism. Harmonizing to these writers, these are the two extremely problematic theories of reward direction in the HRM field. One of the basic premises underlying the theories of reward direction is that the public presentation and motive of employees can be improved by set uping a nexus between attempts and wagess through formalised and specific single marks ( Fay and Thompson, 2001 ) . Although many writers and authors have established that there are tremendous benefits for organisations in seting in a topographic point an effectual wages direction system, some writers still warn against over-reliance on wages systems because of its possible to make several organisational issues which focus on equity and diverseness ( Beer and Cannon, 2004 ) . Many other writers have critically examined the underlying doctrines of reward direction and the variables that make up a typical wages mix. Baeten ( 2008 cited in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 2 ) provides a deeper penetration into this when they argue that there are 34 different possible theories underlying a wages direction system. Eisenhardt ( 1988 cited in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 3 ) nevertheless limits reward direction theories to two viz. : The bureau theory and the institutional theory. Agency theories of wages direction fundamentally seek to aline organisation and single aims. The chief purpose is to utilize indu cements to direct employees towards the involvements of the proprietors of the concern, and to plan the wages mix to reflect that. On the other manus institutional wages direction theory focuses on the formal and informal force per unit areas exerted on organisations by other organisations with which it is connected. Some of these force per unit areas could come in signifier of employment statute laws, legal demands, revenue enhancement policies, and a desire to follow the policies that others have adopted so as to derive the security that conformance is perceived to convey ( DiMaggio and Powell, 1991 ) . Finally other known theory of reward direction under the institutional categorization is normative force per unit area. This occurs when members of an organisation jointly come together to specify the conditions and methods of their plants. Outline1 4 The design of policy and set of processs2 4.1 Policy statement3 4.1.1 Procedures4 Purpose5 Scope6 Principles7 Duties8 Function9 Accountability10 4.2 Correspondence to relevant national statute law11 4.3 International deductions12 5 Evaluation of policy and processs13 5.1 Reward rating matrix14 Reward Aspect15 Measured By16 6 Decision None Provided5 Essay PaperBeginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iclg.co.uk/khadmin/Publications/pdf/4390.pdf-accessed on 30-04-2011 5 Evaluation of policy and processs 5.1 Reward rating matrix Armstrong, Brown and Reilly ( 2009 ) prescribe six prosodies for measuring the success of any reward direction policy. In position of this the processs for measuring the effectivity of HP`s wages policy are set out below. Reward Aspect Measured By Reward scheme Clear wages scheme and one-year program in support of concern scheme and program Productivity and wages costs Net income, value added or gross revenues per employee Entire wage and wages costs compared with competition in the US computing machine industry Financial wages Fiscal acknowledgment for behaviors in line with scheme and values Appropriate signifiers of honoring public presentation and part in topographic point Proportion of staffs covered by methods of honoring public presentation and part Risk appraisal of fillip program design Clear presentation of return on costs of fillip Employment Ratio of occupation offers to credences Staff nonvoluntary turnover to surrender rates and keeping of high public presentation to identify skill staff Staff turnover and absence degrees Reward direction general Actual market place compared to want Equal wage reappraisals carried out and acted upon Measure, quality and frequence of wages communicating Battle and satisfaction with wagess Surveyed overall employee battle degrees Employee overall satisfaction with wage and wagess Employee sentiments that wagess are competitory Employee sentiment that public presentation is rewarded and managed efficaciously Employee sentiment on degree of apprehension of wages Directors feel reward agreements are flexible and run into their demands. 6 Decision Reward direction is an built-in portion of the step of the fight of an organisation. As a cardinal constituent of the overall human resource scheme, reward direction is cardinal to the productiveness of employees which is besides linked to the overall profitableness of an organisation, every bit good as its long term endurance. It is no longer plausible to believe that a good crafted scheme can present an organization`s nucleus values without affecting the component of employee wages direction. Available and bing research in this country suggests a strong nexus between the effectivity of schemes with the engagement of an appropriate wages system ( Richard and Ralph, 2001 ) . Reward direction is progressively going a beginning of sustained competitory advantage for many organisations. The old wage construction which is based on occupation analyses, descriptions and specifications is no longer back uping the attainment of long term organisational ends and aims ( Gomez-Mejia and Balkin, 1992 ) . This study has established a clear nexus between reward direction and the sustainable attainment of organisation ends and aims through the part of extrinsically and per se motivated employees. Through an illustration of a universe category organisation the function of a wages policy and its rating standard has been discussed with a position to set uping a nexus between attempts and wagess through formalised and specified marks ( Kessler and Purcell, 1992, cited in Giovanni and Tommasso, 2011, pp 2 ) . In set uping the wages policy for an organisation, the organization`s corporate aims are of import inputs to the full procedure, and an alliance between these purpose and aims and the wages policy is strategically of import to the effectivity of the wages policy

The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara is a must rea Essays

The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara is a must read novel. The story is amazing because as you read this novel it makes you feel as if you are involved in the story. It makes one have an incredible feel- ing in its "you are there" quality, it made me feel as if I was on the battlefield, feeling what those men felt, seeing what they saw. This book is one that is near perfection as one reads about the execution of history fictionalized. This historical novel tells the story through the eyes, thoughts, and conversations of the participants about the Battle of Gettysburg. One of the largest battles in the history of North America, was the Battle of Gettysburg, therefore the author uses this story to relate the causes of the Civil War and the things that motivated these men and led them as old friends to face each other on the battlefield. The layout of this book is very interesting being that at the beginning of the book it talks about Longstreet's spy, Harrison. I'll go into more detail about Longstreet as one reads on a little further in this essay, but first of all, about the layout. It begins with the famous section about Longstreet's spy Harrison each day gathers information about the movements of the Federals. He is told each day primarily from the perspectives of commanders of the two armies which include, Robert E. Lee, and James Longstreet for the Confederacy, and John Buford and Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain for the Union. As they go into battle, most chapters describe the emotion-laden decisions of these officers, there are also maps determining the position of the troops as they went into battle. As they went into battle a sense of authenticity was added as decisions were made to advance and retreat with the armies. I have chosen to write about the south and the characters there in the south. One will see that as I use specific examples from the novel I shall define the southern perspective. I will also point out specific examples of the generals' and soldiers' personality traits, motivations, characteristics and concept of war. As one reads on one will see that I will go back into our text book, the American History and find information about Cortez and the different concept of war held by the Spanish and the American invaders due to their being good clear understandable discussions of the different concept of war. The following characters were a part of the southern war: First we have Mr. Robert E. Lee, Commanding General, of the Northern Virginia army Mr. Lee is a gentleman, and an honest man. He does not believe in slavery therefore he does not own slaves. General Lee is fifty seven years of age, he is five feet ten inches tall, and when he rides a horse he seems much taller because he has short legs. He is dressed in a grey felt hat, and a gray coat with a white-beard and a red face and has no "vices." (xvi) He is a major with dignity but is sometimes mistaken for one that is elderly. He is a God fearing man and do not chase women, he does not smoke nor does he drink, or gamble. He loves the mystic dirt of home above all and he loves Virginia, and of the two armies he is the most loved. The only thing I didn't like about him as due to me being African American is the fact that he didn't believe that the Negro could be was equal to the white man. Although I do understand the present stage of his development, but I still don't think that it was cool. But he was a good man because he didn't believe in slavery and he believes in God. Lieutenant General James Longstreet is forty-two years of age and second in command. He is a large man with blue eyes and a full beard, he is crude, ominous and slow-talking. He is a cold-eyed man who have sensed the birth of the new war of machines, he is one of the first of the new soldiers. Longstreet is not from Virginia and he is one of the few high officers in

Women in Gangs

Women in Gangs Youth gangs have spurred a sharp increase in social problems. The development of female gangs dates back to the 1980s. Family pressure, peer influence, ethnic, and economic decline are some of the forces, which lead to the establishment of the female gangs. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Categorically, female gangs fall into three distinct groups depending on the method and motive for establishment. According to criminologists, the gang can be independent, auxiliary, or hybrid. Socially, the gang drives fear in the community due to its involvement in criminal and delinquency activities. The following text expounds on the external/internal forces, which aggravate the establishment of the female gangs and the long-term consequences to the society. Contemporaneous female gang research cites immediate environment as the main aspect contributing to the formation of the ga ngs. Poor family background, early child abuse, sympathy, and self-affirmation are some of the motives behind the establishment of the negative social groups. In addition, social stratification also contributes to the formation of the gangs. Some communities sideline families believed to cause social problems like robbery, homicide, and abuse of drugs but eventually the isolation push the young stars to form or join gangs. Sociologists also point at economic hardships and loss of jobs as an aspect that drive young women to engage in criminal activities like robbery for survival. Moreover, illicit trading activities for instance, involving drugs lead to the formation of female gang groups who solely engage in the business. Criminologists categorize the female gang into three groups (Moore and Hagedorn 8). The first group is the independent/autonomous female gang, which engages in criminal activities, hold traditional/initiation rites, practice violence especially to other female ga ngs, form their own leadership strategies and may or not involve men in their activities. Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the group may establish some membership and hybrid rules. The auxiliary female gang is under the leadership of a male group, which directs their activities. Lastly, the hybrid (gender-integrated group) female group involves young stars from all races, gender, and ethnic group. The formation of the aforementioned groups has long-term impacts to both the persons involved and the society. In comparison to the male gangs, the female gangs have nothing to boast about in their antisocial career. According to Moore and Hagedorn imprisonment, drug abuse, early marriage, poor education, and motherhood linger on in the lives of the gang members for a longtime (8). Sex offences like rape that occur to females whose gang forms integration with men remain undercover. Consequently, the females experience emotional and psychological imbalance, which may force them to indulge in alcohol abuse and hard drugs like cocaine, khat, and marijuana among others. Miller and Decker cite violence/homicides as the short-term effect of females who join/form gangs (120). Therefore, poor health and isolation from the community/society because of involvement in drugs and other social crimes affects the individuals negatively. Although males and females may join forces to form a gang, females experience drastic decline in their health and social lives. Sociologists and criminologists associate female gangs to the immediate environment or family background. Nevertheless, sometimes adolescence, peer pressure, and self-affirmation influence youths to join the gangs. Nevertheless, regardless of the group that the females associate with; the long-term impacts are severe to their physical, social, and personal lives. Finally, sociologists recommend further research into the female gangs, as a social problem, which the society has neglected for a long time. Miller, Jody, and Scott Decker. â€Å"Young women and gang violence: gender, streetAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offending and violent victimization in gangs.†Justice quarterly 18.1(2001): 116-140. Moore, Joan, and John Hagedorn. â€Å"Female gangs: A focus on research.†Juvenile justice Bulletin, March 2001.

Managerial Economics exam paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Economics exam - Term Paper Example The salary that the owner of a business can earn and the interest that the owner can earn on the invested capital are examples of implicit costs. The following equations can be used to calculated business and economic profits. c) Since project B has a higher standard deviation of $15000 than project A, we can conclude that project B is riskier. However, project B provides a better return of $70000 as compared to the expected return of project A of $60300. Project A has lesser risk since its standard deviation is lesser than that of project B. Higher standard deviation of project B indicates that there are high chances that the return will either be higher than the expected return or lower than the expected return. If the customer is a risk-averse one, he will prefer project A since it provides a lower return but has lesser risk attached to it. A risk-taking customer would go for project B since project B provides a better return although there is higher risk attached to it. Implicit cost is the cost of the opportunity that a firm loses when it employs its resources in earning profits. The salary that one can earn by investing his time elsewhere or the interest that one can earn on the capital employed in business are some examples of implicit costs (Begg 1997). According to the Consumer Demand Theory, the quantity demanded of a product increases with a decrease in its price and quantity demanded decreases if price is increased. There is a direct relationship between demand and income. If income of consumers increases, quantity demanded also increases and if income decreases, quantity demanded also decreases. Change in tastes also influence the quantity demanded of a product (Sloman 1997). For example, if people get more inclined towards buying smartphones than other cellphones, the smartphones demand will surge due o the change in tastes and preferences of the

Social Network Website Design & Justification 2 Assignment

Social Network Website Design & Justification 2 - Assignment Example As it is clear, the user is captivated by the message at the top. They will feel compelled to be part of life savers. After the user is assured that the signup process is simple, it should follow this and be simple as suggested. On clicking link that will lead them to the signup stage, the client should have a good and simple experience in the signup. This should be shown by the way the signup process takes place. As can be seen in figure 2, the sign up process is simple and does not take much of the time. It does not require a lot of details from the client. Just simple facts that is required in the SignUp process. There should also be use of attractive design objects. Most young users like flashy and attractive sites. They are attracted to things that are beautiful. This could be in the beginning of the web page. In figure 3, there is an addition of some graphics that will captivate the user into signing up for the service. By the use the dove, the user will have a feeling that it is for a good cause. The use of the dove has found prominence in religious procedures to signify sympathy and care. The wireframe shown in figure 4 shows a simple way of gramification. This figure shows how the web page can motivate someone to donate blood. Young social site users like such interesting things that will motivate them into registering and filling out the form. This page can be put in the beginning of the website. Another issue is that of giving simple links that are easy to find. This way, the user will not find it hard to get the link that will lead them to the site that they are to register. In figure 4, the user will click on the images in order to undertake the registration. In the design of the website, there is a need to include the various types of users and blood donors. From figure 5, the users have been categorized so that it is easier to categorize users in regard to the frequency in which they visit the site. It follows a simple design structure

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing Essay

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing Essay Cadbury is a trade name with a long times past in New Zealand and a loving assurance to make every person believe cheerful. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. Its main  headquarter is in Dunedin. John Cadbury shaped the business in 1824 on the name of Cadbury. The business started as a shop in a fashionable place. A description of Cadburys and their aims of Cadbury is a worldwide company that makes market and sells exclusive branded chocolate. Cadbury have done this effectively for over 200 years. The cause they are so successful is because they have a comprehensible understanding of the needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders Product and services The specific product that will be the focus of this assignment is Cadbury roses. It is considered to be the best confectionary worldwide. It has almost various sorts of flavors shapes and 100% gluten free. Market of Interests Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most leading player in chocolate making in New Zealand. The company rebound from unhelpful media interest in 2009 to recover a lost percentage position in assessment allocate during 2010, to account for 52%, production it by far the major participant in chocolate confectionery. (Euro monitor, 2011) Chocolate is known to be the best confectionary for everyone. The first is the upward share that high-cocoa dark chocolate makes up of the likely $350 million to $400m of chocolate each year. (Wikipedia, 2012). Dark Ghana slabs are now Whittakers major supplier, and therefore hold 20% of NZ market share, whereas cocoa Old Gold is Cadburys best ever-growing line mirror rising 70% (Whitakers, 2012) Cadbury is  a confectionery  company that makes 7.3% of the worlds, 27% of the worlds gum, and 7.4% of its chocolate. Australia and New Zealand are the largest markets in the region.   Cadburys foremost chocolate brand name in Australia is Cadbury Dairy Milk and in New Zealand, brand contain Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury has a number one location in New Zealands confectionery marketplace by means of a 47% contribute to. Trends Cadbury is a product of the Dairy Milk brand has reported a 6% increase in profits last year. The sales increased due to better marketing. The marketing budget increased from $87m last year to $120m, which is up 10.8% in respect to sales. Marketing indeed has helped the confectionary company gross a good deal of profit in this global economic storm. (Cadbury, 2012) Cadbury chocolates especially Dairy milk makes use of less cocoa in its production thats why its taste is not bitter and color is not as dark as other chocolates. Mostly the kids and the adults too choose for this chocolate as their sweet dish only because of its superiority. Cadbury is indeed a good example of how marketing strategies can help turn an unfavorable situation in to a favorable one. (Cadbury, 2012) External Environment Impacts Technology Cadburys long traditions of expertise specializes its tastes and texture. In this competitive market of confectionary technologies are improving consumers growing tastes as well as preference. Chocolate creation is a greatly tasteful computer controlled procedure, with a good deal of the new professional technology and equipment individual fashioned to Cadburys own design and requirement. Political Milk chocolate be required to each be 20:20, with a lowest amount of 20% dried out cocoa solids and a lowest amount of 20% milk solids. Dairy Milk is this kind of milk chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) The Food Standards Agency is accountable for checking that the rule is uphold for the security of resources that come into get in touch with with foodstuff and labeling. Labels have to hold certain in sequence e.g. the manufactured goods name, the companys name, a list of ingredient, particular storage space directions). company include to make definite they know what the rule is and that they be traditional to it. Two important laws are shown in the graph below: Food Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994 Covers four main areas: Goods must: 1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory quality 2. Additives 2. Fit the description given 3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller 4. Public health and hygiene. (Source: Skillsspace, 2012) Economics Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It almost holds 47% of New Zealands confectionary market share in todays market. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more than 5.7 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012). Cadbury has invest NZ$69 million to revolve Dunedin into a professional factory and protected developed and jobs in New Zealand. In the wake up of growing working and element expenses Cadbury is dropping developed costs so its crop stay at the back sensible at the leave. Social culturesource Today Cadburys have become a company who have a culture, which is concerned in keeping its stakeholders joyful. all along with this and the improvement in technology Cadburys have now lost its wide employee variety and replace it with machinery and at the moment just spend sufficient employees to stay the equipment leaving by individual stakeholder run the company has now become restricted by shareholders who are chiefly concerned in the company creation a wages (123helpme, 2011). Demography Cadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids. Competitors An analysis of the current competition for Cadbury chocolates are centered on the 3 most popular chocolate sold in the New Zealand market today is presented using SWOT analyses. The weakness and strengths of Cadbury Chocolate has been identified as well as the threats and opportunities. Competitors 1 Nestle Henri Nestlà © provide his name to what is at the present the worlds main food and drink business, with over 280,000 workers, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of extra than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first register in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Competitively priced Unique taste Established target market in New Zealand Few choices of chocolates KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Different flavored chocolates Competition 2 Whittaker Whittakers market a range of 250g block, slab, Santà © bar and chunk in superstore In the molded Block Chocolate market, Whittakers has made a quantum jump in sale and trade sales for the brand name at the end of May 2009 were $17 million with growth of 62.7% near enough sales at the end of May 2010 to $27.6m. This is a market so as to barely grew 12.2% (Aztec Molded Block Market MAT). (Whittaker, 2012) SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Very good quality product Brand loyalty Competitive edge Established target market in New Zealand Existing distribution market Expensive to buy KEY Opportunities KEY Threats More chocolate flavors could be bought out Competition, such as lower priced chocolates New and better quality chocolates may take over the market 3 Kit Kat Kit Kat is also a very known and wanted confectionary in the NZ market today. It normally doesnt comes up in a very large package, and is always attractively packed. SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Good quality product Brand loyalty In business for a number of years Established target market in New Zealand Only chocolate flavor Medium quality Only one color KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Bring more flavors More colors Competition by brands with better quality Cadbury Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the the majority leading actor in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. Cadbury is a make with a extended history in New Zealand and a obsessive promise to creation everybody think cheerful. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses High quality product Competitively priced Competitive edge Established target market in New Zealand Existing distribution market Expensive to buy KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Bring out more new flavors, different taste and different colors Competition, such as lower priced chocolates Target Market segments profile Cadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids. by means of customers attractive even additional anxious with healthy drinking Cadburys would be sensible to look into producing a near to the ground obese or fat free chocolate variety. The return of this, at the same time as it, could open a potential marketplace wherever people are attractive additional conscious of strong. (123helpme, 2011) Cadbury the chocolate leader aims to target kids between the age group of 5 to 10 who consume chocolate the most. Though it does not have any specific segmentation targets therefore Cadbury chocolates are eaten by people of all ages, sexes, cultures, educational backgrounds, regions and on all occasions. It is not just for a taste but also people taste it on the celebration occasions. However, there is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. For example, a family block (350g) is available for families. Internal Environment impacts: Financial analysis Cadbury have invest NZ dollar 69 million in the direction of twist Dunedin keen on a professional industrial unit and secure developed and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today established that the reform of its New Zealand and Australian developed process into specialized Centers of developed fineness is in its last phase. The plan in the beginning announce reverse in September 2007 (by means of a additional message in August year 2008) have by now see asset of $NZ69 million to get better the output, and insecure the extended-phrase chance, of its New Zealand developed operation. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012) Internal organization and structure Cadbury organization is base on a self-governing organization method decision be complete as a effect of a discussion procedure connecting all members of the organization. Cadbury Schweppes also have two separate structure. The arrangement that they use for their panel of director has be re-calculated to clarify accountability and facilitate swifter pronunciation manufacture (Source: www.cadburyschweppes.com.) look at the better association organization it is obvious to see who is in charge of which division inside the industry. (123Helpme, 2012) Manufacturing/services processes -make your own and explain Firstly the research on how the chocolate would be designed and how it would taste is prepared, ingredients and recipes are added, such as, milk, cocoa, palm oil and other grocery products, then there is the production process, and after the product is ready it is set for packaging. Consumer trials are then taken, modifications are made and finaly the product is launched in the market. Human Resource Each of Cadburys factory contain a HR branch, which treaty with the factories require for. Human resource planning is the process whereby organization agree on the staffing maintain they will need to gather business needs and customer demands. There are a range of consideration that impact this planning, together with approaching retirements and transition, the ease of use of staff with positive skill sets and modification in the atmosphere that may want preparation for existing workers. 5) Management A young man named Richard Hudson arrived in the year 1868 in Dunedin and started a biscuit business, which was a great success. He purchased and operate the primary chocolate and cocoa developed place Southern Hemisphere in the year 1884. R Hudson and Company joined with Cadbury in the year 1930, therefore it be in this year so as to the initial block of Cadbury chocolate made in New Zealand roll off a Dunedin manufacture line. The company became Cadbury Confectionery Ltd in the year 1991 among a lot of of the lollies and sweet re-recognized as Pascall. Cadbury become an element of the Kraft food public on 2nd February 2010. Their heritage continues till date, therefore Cadbury foodstuffs are a huge hit by Kiwis all over the place 6) Research and Development-what have they done doing? They are persistent champion of nonstop development identify new program and insight to profit the trade, considerably causal and influence the way of strategic initiative to influence us to a sustainable spirited benefit. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011) Marketing Function Cadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so. Location Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012). Competitive Positioning: (euromonitor, 2012) The chart above explains the marketing position of the Cadbury chocolate and its three competitors. Ethical Standing Cadbury is committed to growing responsibly. They consider answerable business comes from listen and knowledge, and have in place a clear CSR vision and policy. Vision Working together to create brands people love. (Sportspromedia, 2010) Cadbury is a leading trade name in fundraising and provide its associates, The House of Fundraising and Interworld Fundraising, with a variety of topmost advertising products from Cadbury. (Cadbury, 2012), therefore they think about CSR as a optimistic supplier to their competitive strategy. Increasingly they think of it as more about doing in charge things valuably than just doing the gainful effects responsibly. Others An additional extremely winning TV campaign that Cadbury has launch in recent times is Moro 4th best which encourage Kiwis to provide it a go and celebrate the runner up as all Kiwis can!

Shanghai Baby

Shanghai Baby is the first novel written by Chinese writer Wei Hui, a feminist and a resident of Shanghai who was 26 years old at the time when the book was published. Perhaps the enormous similarity between of the age, gender and city of residence of the writer to those of the lead female character is the reason for the popular belief that the book is an autobiography instead of what it really is, i. e. a work of fiction. The novel was first released in China in 1999 and went on to be in the top selling 5 novels of the year in Shanghai.Much to the chagrin of the liberated Western media, the top selling book was deemed pornographic in nature by Beijing Press and Publication and was banned all over China. The novel is a first person narrative about a twenty five year old woman, who lives in Shanghai, China, works as a waitress in a cafe to earn money, aspires to write a novel and become a writer and dreams about becoming rich and famous. Her real name is Nikki, but she is known among her friends as Coco, after her idol Coco Chanel.While working at the cafe, Coco meets Tian Tian, an artist, in addition to being a hedonist, a nihilist as well as being impotent. They fall into an intimate relationship and Coco although disappointed by his impotency, believes she can stay happy with the love of her life, until she meets Mark, a German business man who is everything that Tian Tian is not. Tian Tian is a sad pleasure seeker, haunted by a painful past, unnerved by a sinister future and is also in love with Coco. Mark is a rich, attractive male who can give Coco all that which she finds lacking in Tian Tian and more.Coco is a self indulgent, narcissistic, often annoying woman who is unable to resist the lure of pure sexual lust in the face of true love for a less than capable lover and becomes sexually involved with Mark. At this point it seems that the book predictably becomes an expression of the author’s erotic fantasies as she explains in detail Coco’s relationship with Mark. The entire tale is spun against the backdrop of the cosmopolitan city of Shanghai, in the midst of drugs, alcohol, nightclubs and bars.From one perspective, the book is a woman’s struggle between love and sexual pleasure. It is also, as proclaimed by many, an analysis of the darker side of the night life of Shanghai. However, most importantly, the book should be noted for its deep rooted symbolism: Tian Tian is the representation of typical Chinese men who are famous for their sexual incompetence and Mark is that of the stereotyped Caucasian male, sex starved and hungry for oriental females.All this is ironically wrapped in the materiality of brand names and wealth as characters are defined more in terms of where they live, what they wear and how much they own. Superficial at first glance, but in fact dripping with literary symbolism, the book reflects the author’s lack of confidence in the male species of human beings, whether native or foreig n as both men in Coco’s life become unavailable leaving her shattered by the end of the story. Works Cited Sheng, John. Afterthoughts on the Banning of â€Å"Shanghai Baby†.Retrieved on January 22, 2007 from: http://www. oycf. org/Perspectives/8_103100/afterthoughts_on_the_banning_of. htm Cole, S. (2001). A Non-Review With Current Events Tossed In. Retrieved on January 22, 2007 from: http://www. freewilliamsburg. com/november_2001/books. html Chloe E. , Slidell, LA. Book Review. Retrieved on January 22, 2007 from: http://teenink. com/Past/2003/October/17075. html CathCart, M. (2001). Shanghai Baby. Retrieved on January 22, 2007 from: http://www. abc. net. au/rn/arts/atoday/stories/s337449. htm

Balanced Scorecard IKEA Essay

About the company IKEA is a Swedish company registered in the Netherlands that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances and home accessories. As of January 2008, the company is the world’s largest furniture retailer. Founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad, who was listed as one of the world’s richest people in 2013, the company’s name is an acronym that consists of the initials of, Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and Agunnaryd (his hometown in Smà ¥land, south Sweden). The company is known for its modern architectural designs for various types of appliances and furniture, and its interior design work is often associated with eco-friendly simplicity. In addition, the firm is known for its attention to cost control, operational details, and continuous product development, corporate attributes that allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion. IKEA is about much more than just products. It is about offering inspiration, home furnishing knowledge, new products and solutions people can relate to. Always at low prices. IKEA home furnishing gives people access to affordable solutions that solve their needs and improve everyday life at home. Simply put, IKEA home furnishing makes it possible to turn dreams into reality and create homes to love living in. A culture of hearts The IKEA culture is hard to describe but easy to embrace. It’s a culture of enthusiasm, togetherness and willpower, born from our roots in southern Sweden and inspired by the IKEA founder, Ingvar Kamprad. The IKEA culture humbly unites us in our work to create a better everyday life for the many people. It’s not an easy task – and maybe that’s why we and all other IKEA co-workers are so dedicated and so stubborn. We all share the same conviction that many, not few, shall be able to create the home they want  and dream of. And when you put your heart into your work, it’s then you really can make a difference. Over 150,000 people are involved in the creation of a better everyday life for the many people. Business plans †Maintaining a strong IKEA and expansion ideas are great motivators to work hard. But there is no culture is one of the most crucial substitute for the feeling of actually contributing to something bigger. factors behind the continued success of the IKEA Concept† Ingvar Kamprad IKEA founder The IKEA values Values cannot be invented – they can only emerge from one place: the heart. IKEA values are very much a product of our origin. Hard work, tough challenges, common sense, Swedish roots and limited resources have formed IKEA values. To keep the IKEA Concept successful, we work to keep our values close to our heart. The IKEA values convey the essence of the entire IKEA culture. Over the years we’ve learned that acting according to IKEA values not only brings us together – no matter what age, race or part of the world we live in – it helps us do business successfully. The IKEA product range Developing IKEA products can take place almost anywhere around the world – on a factory floor in Asia or on the drawing board in Älmhult, Sweden. And everybody involved works together to create a product range that is simple, easy to live with and affordable. Good design should be available for the many, not the few. That’s why all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a functional need and a price. Then they use their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost raw materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes are purchased to push prices down even further. Most IKEA products are also designed to be transported in flat packs and  assembled at the customer’s home. This also lowers the price by minimizing transportation and storage costs. By doing all this, the IKEA Concept uses design to make sure that IKEA products can be bought and enjoyed by as many people as possible. IKEA designers constantly seek new ways to improve people’s lives – without emptying their wallets. But how can good design and function be combined with good quality, all at a low price? It starts with focusing on what’s important. Will an expensive finish on the back of a shelf or under a table-top improve the function? Of course not. So IKEA designers do not do it, because a product is of no use to the many people if it is not affordable. Low prices with meaning Low prices are only valuable if they offer good function, quality and design. IKEA product development teams constantly ask themselves – does this product contribute to a better everyday life? Does it have a good, sustainable design? Is the function and quality suited for everyday life? And most crucial – is the price low enough to make this product accessible to many, not just the few? Touch. Try. Explore. Dream! The IKEA store is our meeting place. It is where the IKEA product range comes to life. Visitors can compare styles and prices and get inspired by realistic room settings. They are welcome to sit, lie down, open and close drawers and cabinets, and pretend to cook, sleep or watch TV. The IKEA store is designed to meet many people looking for something for their homes. It’s also a place where you actually can go from inspiration to involvement by getting inspiration from solutions in the store, searching, finding and choosing the products needed, picking them up, buying them, bringing them home, putting them together and enjoying them the same day. All the IKEA products in the store are supported by price and product information that makes it easy for visitors to serve themselves. Customer involvement contributes to low prices. An invitation for the whole year With hundreds of pages of ideas, inspiration, solutions and products, the IKEA catalogue shows how the IKEA product range contributes to a better  everyday life. It is filled with solutions that answer people’s dreams and needs, it is also complemented with digital content that gives users a richer experience and provides more in-depth home furnishing knowledge. Still, it shows only part of what is offered in IKEA stores. Improve and develop the IKEA Concept The IKEA Concept is a living concept. We develop and improve it together with IKEA retailers and other contributors. Together we work to stay in the forefront of global trends and changes in retailing. We listen to the needs based on real-life shop floor experience to get better insight into what the many people need in order to improve their life at home. All this helps us to ensure that the IKEA Concept remains successful in an ever-changing world. We constantly monitor how the IKEA Concept is implemented in every market to ensure it is creating the maximum impact. Monitoring helps us to understand the different challenges facing IKEA. This could range from market conditions to cultural factors affecting shopping behavior. Through monitoring we can find ways to improve the IKEA Concept and how it meets the many people. IKEA retailers share their experiences, knowledge, innovation and ideas. This helps the IKEA Concept to be a living and dynamic concept that continuously develops and expands. The key is working together. Online know-how, Publications, Training programmes We offer an online resource for IKEA know-how that includes solutions, news, training programmes, publications and much more. We provide manuals and guidelines for all parts of the business and specific know-how areas. We also publish a magazine for IKEA retailers filled with tips, tools and proven solutions from all over the IKEA world. We offer a range of training programmes for many aspects of the business. Market research We conduct regular market research and provide IKEA retailers with reports and tools that help them improve their business. For example, we measure how well IKEA retailers have positioned the IKEA Brand in each market and how satisfied customers are with their latest store visit. We also conduct  research that helps find ways to improve the IKEA product range, the IKEA catalogue and the IKEA website. And we gather and analyze insight into macro-economic factors and the competitive situation. The IKEA Concept Center We believe in learning by doing. We operate the IKEA Concept Center in Delft, the Netherlands, where shopping, learning, testing and supporting all come together. The idea is to give IKEA retailers the chance to learn about the IKEA Concept and its recent updates and benefit from all the competence of specialists in a hands-on environment. For most visitors, the main attraction of the IKEA Concept Center is the IKEA store. Like all IKEA stores in the world it offers inspiring solutions, low prices, tasty food and shopping that is fun and enjoyable. The IKEA Concept Center is also home to specialists who, in co-operation with the IKEA retailers, find and identify good ideas and solutions. New solutions are developed, documented and analyzed from a conceptual viewpoint. We provide systematic transfer of IKEA know-how. And communicate proven solutions to all IKEA retailers, so that each and every one can benefit from these in their business. Together, we work to keep the IKEA Concept successful. We offer more than 50 different training programmes and workshops to IKEA managers and specialists at the IKEA College. In addition, many training programmes are offered locally or as elearning programs. Every year thousands of students are educated on how to use proven systems, methods and solutions to maximize the possibilities of the IKEA Concept. Testing Just as all IKEA products are tested to ensure quality and to find ways to improve, we are always interested in improving the living IKEA Concept. We test lots of new and innovative ideas at the IKEA Concept Center. These could be ideas suggested by IKEA retailers or ones that we come up with ourselves. When we find solutions that work well we make the part of the IKEA Concept and document and describe them so that all IKEA retailers benefit. 2013 was exciting for IKEA retailing In a tough climate IKEA retailing continued to grow and expand. Retail sales ended at EUR 29.2 billion for the full year. The business climate in Europe continued to be challenging for IKEA retailers, while we see improvements in North America, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. As many developed economies strive to balance economics and social well being, we see that uncertainties will continue to dictate the business climate for some time. This affects people’s lives and living conditions and therefore we believe that the IKEA Concept is more needed than ever. The IKEA Concept gives everyone the possibility to improve their life at home IKEA products are becoming more accessible. This is about offering a wide range of good home furnishing products at low prices. It is about providing more and better services. And it is about creating a positive shopping experience in IKEA stores and online. Nine new IKEA stores opened, two of which are in new markets: Lithuania and Qatar. The re are also continued You do your part. We do our part. Together we, save money. improvements in sustainability efforts in various aspects of the IKEA Concept. One example is that by 2016, all the lighting sold at IKEA stores will be LED. The IKEA product range aims to help the many people live a more sustainable life at home, with solutions to help save energy, water and reduce waste. Most things remain to be done The first IKEA business was founded in 1943 and the IKEA Brand celebrated 70 years during 2013. Today more than 150,000 co-workers are working through-out the IKEA world. We saw more than 770 million visits to the IKEA stores and 1.2 billion visits to IKEA websites in the past year. Still we are just at the beginning. IKEA retailing is small in most markets and does not exist in others. People’s needs for good home furnishing products at low prices are bigger than ever and the IKEA Concept will continue to contribute  to a better life at home for the many people. A July 2013 media report speculated that IKEA is the world’s largest consumer of wood after a finding that the company uses 1% of the Earth’s wood supply. As of January 2014, IKEA owns and operates 349 stores in 43 countries. The Balanced Scorecard Value proposition IKEA’s value proposition is operational excellence because all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a functional need and a price. Then they use their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost raw materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes are purchased to push prices down even further. Mission Statement IKEA’s mission is to create a better everyday life for the many people, by offering a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. It’s about creating homes to love. Critical success factors Financial -grow and expand -increase sales -enhance customer value -improve cost structure Customer -brand positioning -low cost product solutions -real life experience stores -rich content catalogs Internal Business Processes -minimizing storage and transportation costs -quality testing -product development -market research reports Learning and Growth -culture of hearts – e-learning programmes, training programmes and workshops -sharing experience, ideas, innovations, knowledge and know-how -market research reports -IKEA college

Harp Seal Facts (Pagophilus groenlandicus)

The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as the saddleback seal, is a true seal best known for its adorable furry white pups. It gets its common name from the markings resembling a wishbone, harp, or saddle that develop on its back in adulthood. The seals scientific name means ice-lover from Greenland. Fast Facts: Harp Seal Scientific Name: Pagophilus  groenlandicusCommon Name: Saddleback sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5.9-6.2 feetWeight: 260-298 poundsLife Span: 30 yearsDiet: CarnivorousHabitat: North Atlantic and Greenland SeaPopulation: 4,500,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description All seal pups are born with a yellow coat, which whitens until its first molt. Juveniles and most females have a silver-to-gray coat with black spots. Adult males and some females develop a darker head and a dorsal harp or saddle marking. Females weigh around 260 lb and are up to 5.9 ft in length. Males are larger, weighing an average of 298 lb and reaching a length of 6.2 ft. The male harp seal has a harp pattern on its back. Jurgen Christine Sohns / Getty Images Blubber insulates the seals body, while flippers act as heat exchangers to warm or cool the seal. Harp seals have large eyes, each with a tapetum lucidum to aid vision in dim light. Females identify pups by scent, but seals close their nostrils underwater. Seal whiskers, or vibrissae, are highly sensitive to vibration. They give the animal a sense of touch on land and the ability to detect movement underwater. Habitat and Distribution Harp seals live in the North Atlantic and Greenland Sea. There are three breeding populations, located in the Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, and the Greenland Sea. The groups are not known to interbreed. Harp seal distribution. Jonathan Hornung Diet Like other pinnipeds, harp seals are carnivores. Their diet includes several species of fish, krill, and other invertebrates. The seals display food preferences that appear to be most heavily influenced by prey abundance. Predators and Hunting Juvenile seals are eaten by most terrestrial predators, including foxes, wolves, and polar bears. Adult seals are preyed on by large sharks and killer whales. However, humans are the primary harp seals predators. Historically, these seals were hunted for their meat, omega-3 fatty acid-rich oil, and fur. Today, seal hunting mainly occurs in Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The practice is controversial, as the demand for seal products appears to be decreasing and the killing method (clubbing) is graphic. In Canada, commercial hunting is restricted to November 15 to May 15, with kill quotas in place. Despite restrictions, the harp seal retains commercial importance. Hundreds of thousands of seals are hunted each year. Reproduction and Offspring Each year between February and April, adult harp seals return to breeding grounds in the White Sea, Newfoundland, and the Greenland Sea. The males establish dominance by fighting each other using teeth and flippers. They court females using flipper movements, vocalizations, blowing bubbles, and performing underwater displays. Mating occurs underwater. After a gestation period of about 11.5 months, the mother usually gives birth to a single pup, although twins sometimes occur. Birth takes place on sea ice and is extremely fast, taking as little as 15 seconds. The mother does not hunt while nursing and loses up to 3 kg of mass per day. At birth, the pups coat is stained yellow from amniotic fluid, but it quickly turns pure white. The mother stops nursing and abandons the pup when its time to mate. Birth, weaning, and mating all occur during the same breeding season. Initially, the abandoned pup is immobile. Once it sheds its white coat, it learns to swim and hunt. Seals gather annually on the ice to molt their coat, which involves shedding both fur and blubber. Juveniles molt several times before achieving an adult pelt. Harp seals can live over 30 years. Conservation Status Harp seal are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, and their numbers are increasing. As of 2008, there were at least 4.5 million adult harp seals. This population growth can be explained by the decrease in seal hunting. However, the seal population is still threatened by several factors which could severely impact the species in the near future. Oil spills and water pollution subject the species to heavy chemical contamination and decrease its food supply. Seals get tangled in fishing gear, which leads to drowning. Harp seals are susceptible to distemper, prion infections, and other diseases, which may impact mortality rates. The most significant threat is climate change. Climate change causes a reduction in sea ice, forcing seals to move to new areas. Whether the seals can adapt to such change is unknown. Sources Folkow, L.P. and E.S. Nordà ¸y. Distribution and diving behaviour of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Greenland Sea stock.  Polar Biology.  27: 281–298, 2004.Kovacs, K.M. Pagophilus groenlandicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  2015: e.T41671A45231087 doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41671A45231087.enLavigne, David M. in Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M., eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (2nd ed.). 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington Ma. 01803: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9, 2009.Ronald, K. and J. L. Dougan. The Ice Lover: Biology of the Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica).  Science.  215  (4535): 928–933, 1982.