The Death Penalty And Capital Punishment - 2746 Words

The death penalty and capital punishment were brought to America from Britain when America was colonized. This paper will argue why the death penalty is an outdated punishment and that it needs to be banned in America. When analyzing certain key points as crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics it becomes evident that the death penalty should be ruled illegal in the United States. Firstly regarding the history of how capital punishment came to America from Britain and the many forms of early execution are discussed. Going over the history of how the death penalty and capital punishment came about helps create a nice foundation on how the United States is moving forward as a country. From first†¦show more content†¦The staggering overpopulation of correctional facilities in the United States is then slightly touched on. As one of the largest factors of the ban of the death penalty, wrongful convictions are looked at. With the example of Henry McCullom, a man from North Carolina who served 30 years on death row before being proven innocent as an example. The ethics of this case and the morality of the United States are then analyzed offering a look into the irresponsibility of the justice system. The justice system also lacks a sense of accountability for these wrongful convictions. Through the analysis of the main points of the death penalty as in crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics this paper details the issues that point to the banning of the death penalty in America. This is evident by the decreased crime rates, the money saved by the state, and the moral image of the United States. Introduction to the Death Penalty in America The United States of America has one of the strongest governments in the history of the world. Unfortunately, even the best governments are flawed. Amongst these flaws is a great debate centered on the death penalty (capital punishment). Capital punishment is a sentence given to a criminal charged with a crime so severe it is punishable by their death. Capital punishment can be seen in American history as far back as 1606.

Cognitive, Motor, And Social Emotional Skills - 799 Words

During growth and development children are expected to meet certain milestones at specific ages. No two children are exactly alike. Children grow and develop at their own pace. However, parents or primary care providers may notice slow or absent growth and development in a child. Developmental screenings take place initially. When abnormal growth and development are noted; a developmental assessment is warranted. The developmental assessment will aid in recognition of the development and growth concern. Also, prevent any further delays and enabling prompt and essential interventions to take place; to enhance growth and development. The developmental assessment will examine cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, Blosser, 2013). Each developmental tool used should be compatible with the age of the child; to ensure accurate results. The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language (REEL) Scale can be used to address speech and language concerns. Tools used to assess emotional and social behavior include ASQ: Social Emotional (ASQ: SE), the Temperament and Atypical Behavior Scale (TABS), and the Infant-Toddler and Family Instrument (ITFI) (Burns et al., 2013). The primary care provider can use other techniques to assess and screen for developmental delays. In my opinion, all tools utilized have the potential to enhance other gathered viable information. For instance, the parents may have a concern and is unable to convey the informationShow MoreRelatedPhysical Development ( Fine And Gross Motor Skills864 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment (fine and gross motor skills) at this age Fine Motor skills: Kearns states in ( pg 186-170) that fine motor skills involve all functions involving the use of the wrist, palm of the hand and fingers. While children at this stage may appear to have endless energy, they can still tire easily, so a balance of rest and activity is still necessary. Some children in this stage may appear unsuitable attempting one skill, while appearing quite accomplished at other skills; for example, they may drawRead MorePrograming Effect On Child Development1017 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical development, cognitive development, emotional development, and social development. Physical Development Physical development provides children with abilities they need to explore the world around them. Physical development allows children to learn how to control their sensorimotor actions and allows the body to grow alongside with their ever expanding capabilities. Programing helps physical development in many ways, such as hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. Hand-eye coordinationRead MoreEffects Of Early Childhood Intervention Programs1437 Words   |  6 Pageshuman beings develops through environmental and social interaction. Although there are various debates on the effects of early childhood intervention programs such a preschool programs on future development, the positive interactions that children experience during early intervention programs are seen to be correlated to their future developmental skills in a positive manner. Although heritability has the potential to alter ones developmental skills, there are still many different modes to which mostRead MoreChild Development Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagespsychological and emotional between the birth and the end of adolescence. It is a continuous progress but it does not progress at the same rate because each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. And this developmental change occurs by strong influenced by genetic factors. â€Å"The study of human deve lopment explores how and why people change as they grow older and how and why they remain the same (Berger Thompson, 1996)†. The social, emotional, communication, cognitive and physicalRead MorePlay Is Very Necessary For Educating Children889 Words   |  4 Pageswhich are social emotional, and cognitive. Children are able to develop self-understanding about their physical and social environment through their experiences. Vygotsky said that it contains all the developmental tendencies in short form, and itself is a big source of development. (Gestwicki, C. (2014). Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning). Play benefits the cognitive, social/emotional, and physicalRead MoreTheories That Are Developed For Social And Emotional Development1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment changes such as social, emotional, cognitive and physical changes. This progress report will be assessing the process and development of Alina’s zero to two years of life. This report will discuss the various mild stones, obstacles, goals and development reached by Alina during her first two years of life. The purpose of this paper is to compare different theories of development to the early years of life, it will also touch basis on achieved motor skills expected in the first yearsRead MoreNotes On D I Conducted Many Assessments833 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowth, development and learning. The domains were physical: gross motor and fine motor, language development, cognitive development, social development and emotional development. The different assessments I used was a checklist, photos, rubrics, a work sample, a voice recording, anecdotal records, and a running record. For ‘D’s’ gross motor development I did a checklist, took pictures and did a rubric. I found that ‘D’s motor skills were on target for his age. He can run, jump, walk, catch and throwRead MoreThe Effects Of Adhd On Children s Overall Development1318 Words   |  6 Pageschild’s overall development. It doesn’t impact them as much as some disorders do, but it does take effect. It has no effect on their language and as far as my research shows, it has little or no effect on their self-help skills either, however it does effect the cognitive, and fine motor domains. About half of all the children who have ADHD also have a learning disability. â€Å"Among the children who did not have a learning disability, children with ADHD had more learning problems than children without ADHDRead MoreLearning Value of Visual Arts -Ece832 Words   |  4 PagesVygotsky’s Social Learning Theory. Art as mere creative expression has been the dominant theme for much of the twentieth century. However, researchers have been finding connections between learning in the visual arts and the acquisition of knowledge and skills in other areas. Art like text can be used as a source to practice critical thinking. Art can also be used to teach children about culture, traditions, history and even social issues. The process of creating art contributes to the cognitive, physicalRead MoreThe Principles, Sequences And Stages Of A Child s Growth And Development1284 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth and development. This includes Social development, Physical Development, Intellectual development and communication development. Physical development outlines the basic body changes which you begin to develop such as fine motor skills, which is like writing and so on. This also includes social development, where you will meet new people everyday and interact with them, and become more involved in the re lationships you will share with others. Emotional development where you will be understanding

Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale Free Essays

Reliability and Validity of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Texas Aamp;M University Psychology 203 Introduction The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Rosenber Self-Esteem scale scores. Reliability is simply whether the measurement tool you are using measures something consistently. For example does the same test show the same results when administered repeatedly. We will write a custom essay sample on Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Validity is the aspect of a measuring tool that signifies its measuring what it says it does. A valid test measures what it says it’s measuring. However you can have a test that is reliable and not valid, for example if a teacher administers a spelling test that the student has to complete on the computer in a five minute time period. A student may get the same score over and over again, indicating it’s reliable, but it may not be valid because what if that student was slow at typing but knew how to spell every word. The test would not be valid because it’s not measuring just spelling as intended but also typing speed. Both reliability and validity are crucial in and study because if the research instruments are not reliable and valid, then the results of your experiment will always be in question. Method All ninety-nine Aamp;M students (N=99) that participated in the survey were in the same statistical writing course and were required to take the survey as part of the course curriculum. The survey consisted of 24 males and 75 females, with the average age of these participants being around 20 years old, ranging anywhere from 19 to 24 (M=20. 7, SD=. 997). the survey measured self-esteem by using ten items from the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The students were scored by taking the mean of all their responses to the ten questions. 10 different statements that the participant rated on a scale of 1 to 7, (1 being â€Å"disagree strongly † and 7 being â€Å"agree strongly†), the higher the score the higher the individuals self-esteem. The scale consisted of 5 revers coded items; an exampl e of a normal item is â€Å"on the whole I am satisfied with myself†. A reverse coded item is an opposite statement for example is â€Å"I feel I do not have much to be proud of†. Results The 10 item subscale from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale appeared to have good internal consistency, (? = . 90). All the survey question appeared to be worth keeping: in fact the deletion of any of the questions would have resulted in a lower alpha score. All 99 participants (N=99) responses to the 10 item survey were averaged together and the self-esteem score for all the participants had ranged from 2. 6-7 with a mean of 5. 4 (M=5. 4, SD=1. 08). The frequency distribution of the average self-esteem scores, illustrated on the histogram, portrays a distribution that is pretty normal but somewhat negatively. This negative distributions means that the participants more frequently had high self-esteem scores than low scores. In fact no participants had a self-esteem score lower than 2. 6. Discussion To ensure that the survey instrument used in this study was actually measuring self-esteem we took a measure of Cronbachs alpha ( or ? ), which is a special measure of reliability known as internal consistency. The internal consistency reliability of survey instruments (e. g. Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale), is a measure of reliability of different survey items intended to measure the same characteristic, in this case self-esteem. For example, there were 10 different questions related to self-esteem level. Each question implies a response scale from 1 to 7. Responses from the group of the 99 respondents have been obtained. In reality, answers to different questions vary for each particular respondent, although the items are intended to measure the same aspect or quantity. The smaller this variability (or stronger the correlation), the greater the internal consistency reliability of this survey instrument. So in this survey the self-esteem scale was found to be highly reliable (10 items; = . 90). We can safely assume that our survey items reliably measure self-esteem levels. One other way we might have assessed reliability would have been to get all the participants to take another Self-Esteem survey of similar design but with different questions. In social sciences in particular making sure that your research has construct validity is very important. Construct validity has traditionally been defined as the experimental demonstration that a test is measuring the construct it claims to be measuring, in laymen’s terms; does the measuring tool actually measure the theory under examination.? â€Å"Am I actually measuring what I think I am measuring? In our example construct validity would be how well dos our observational tool (Rosenberg self-esteem scale) assess one dimension of self-esteem. We could of inter-correlated measures of depression with the measures of the revers coded items (SE3,SE5,SE8,SE9,SE10), because depression and the revers coded items have similar underlying constructs. Finally the low correlation between height and self-esteem in our study strengthens our construct validity. I believe it strengthens the overall resolve because common theories of self-esteem have no reliable and valid evidence correlating the two, so we can assume that construct between the two would be low, and if our study showed a strong relationship it would be casue for questions. How to cite Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale, Papers

The Relevant Theories About Reward Management Commerce Essay Example For Students

The Relevant Theories About Reward Management Commerce Essay Reward direction has been described as a cardinal map in HRM systems in modern organisations, and it is frequently designed to pull, retain and actuate employees ( Milkovich and Newman, 2004 cited in Yu, Ying ying and Angeles, 2011, pp 2 ) . Because of the strategic nature of human resource in the attainment of corporate ends and organisational fight ( Wright and McMahan, 1992 ) , many writers have discussed the topic of wages direction from different positions. Some of these positions focus on spliting reward systems into two classs ; Extrinsic and intrinsic wagess. Extrinsic wages systems by and large focus on offering performance-linked salary additions, pecuniary wagess, long term inducement programs, team-based wagess, and security benefits to employees ( Laursen and Foss, 2003 ) . These writers argue in favor of the values of these types of wages in hiking the morale of employees and bettering their productiveness as the same clip. The consequence of this to the organisation is better bottom line public presentation through increased gross and profitableness ( Yu, Ying Yang and Angeles, 2011 ) . Intrinsic wagess are non-monetary wagess and could come in signifier of enriching occupation duty and authorization ( Oldham and Cummings, 1996 ) , supplying preparation resources and comprehensive acquisition chances ( Hennessey and Amabile, 1998 ) , and keeping good interpersonal relationships among employees ( Ruppel and Harrington, 2000 ) . Yu, Ying and Angeles ( 2011 ) place two reward direction positions based on the above categorization and they call extrinsic wages systems, utilitarianism and intrinsic wages systems, romanticism. Harmonizing to these writers, these are the two extremely problematic theories of reward direction in the HRM field. One of the basic premises underlying the theories of reward direction is that the public presentation and motive of employees can be improved by set uping a nexus between attempts and wagess through formalised and specific single marks ( Fay and Thompson, 2001 ) . Although many writers and authors have established that there are tremendous benefits for organisations in seting in a topographic point an effectual wages direction system, some writers still warn against over-reliance on wages systems because of its possible to make several organisational issues which focus on equity and diverseness ( Beer and Cannon, 2004 ) . Many other writers have critically examined the underlying doctrines of reward direction and the variables that make up a typical wages mix. Baeten ( 2008 cited in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 2 ) provides a deeper penetration into this when they argue that there are 34 different possible theories underlying a wages direction system. Eisenhardt ( 1988 cited in Jonathan and Clare, 2011, pp 3 ) nevertheless limits reward direction theories to two viz. : The bureau theory and the institutional theory. Agency theories of wages direction fundamentally seek to aline organisation and single aims. The chief purpose is to utilize indu cements to direct employees towards the involvements of the proprietors of the concern, and to plan the wages mix to reflect that. On the other manus institutional wages direction theory focuses on the formal and informal force per unit areas exerted on organisations by other organisations with which it is connected. Some of these force per unit areas could come in signifier of employment statute laws, legal demands, revenue enhancement policies, and a desire to follow the policies that others have adopted so as to derive the security that conformance is perceived to convey ( DiMaggio and Powell, 1991 ) . Finally other known theory of reward direction under the institutional categorization is normative force per unit area. This occurs when members of an organisation jointly come together to specify the conditions and methods of their plants. Outline1 4 The design of policy and set of processs2 4.1 Policy statement3 4.1.1 Procedures4 Purpose5 Scope6 Principles7 Duties8 Function9 Accountability10 4.2 Correspondence to relevant national statute law11 4.3 International deductions12 5 Evaluation of policy and processs13 5.1 Reward rating matrix14 Reward Aspect15 Measured By16 6 Decision None Provided5 Essay PaperBeginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iclg.co.uk/khadmin/Publications/pdf/4390.pdf-accessed on 30-04-2011 5 Evaluation of policy and processs 5.1 Reward rating matrix Armstrong, Brown and Reilly ( 2009 ) prescribe six prosodies for measuring the success of any reward direction policy. In position of this the processs for measuring the effectivity of HP`s wages policy are set out below. Reward Aspect Measured By Reward scheme Clear wages scheme and one-year program in support of concern scheme and program Productivity and wages costs Net income, value added or gross revenues per employee Entire wage and wages costs compared with competition in the US computing machine industry Financial wages Fiscal acknowledgment for behaviors in line with scheme and values Appropriate signifiers of honoring public presentation and part in topographic point Proportion of staffs covered by methods of honoring public presentation and part Risk appraisal of fillip program design Clear presentation of return on costs of fillip Employment Ratio of occupation offers to credences Staff nonvoluntary turnover to surrender rates and keeping of high public presentation to identify skill staff Staff turnover and absence degrees Reward direction general Actual market place compared to want Equal wage reappraisals carried out and acted upon Measure, quality and frequence of wages communicating Battle and satisfaction with wagess Surveyed overall employee battle degrees Employee overall satisfaction with wage and wagess Employee sentiments that wagess are competitory Employee sentiment that public presentation is rewarded and managed efficaciously Employee sentiment on degree of apprehension of wages Directors feel reward agreements are flexible and run into their demands. 6 Decision Reward direction is an built-in portion of the step of the fight of an organisation. As a cardinal constituent of the overall human resource scheme, reward direction is cardinal to the productiveness of employees which is besides linked to the overall profitableness of an organisation, every bit good as its long term endurance. It is no longer plausible to believe that a good crafted scheme can present an organization`s nucleus values without affecting the component of employee wages direction. Available and bing research in this country suggests a strong nexus between the effectivity of schemes with the engagement of an appropriate wages system ( Richard and Ralph, 2001 ) . Reward direction is progressively going a beginning of sustained competitory advantage for many organisations. The old wage construction which is based on occupation analyses, descriptions and specifications is no longer back uping the attainment of long term organisational ends and aims ( Gomez-Mejia and Balkin, 1992 ) . This study has established a clear nexus between reward direction and the sustainable attainment of organisation ends and aims through the part of extrinsically and per se motivated employees. Through an illustration of a universe category organisation the function of a wages policy and its rating standard has been discussed with a position to set uping a nexus between attempts and wagess through formalised and specified marks ( Kessler and Purcell, 1992, cited in Giovanni and Tommasso, 2011, pp 2 ) . In set uping the wages policy for an organisation, the organization`s corporate aims are of import inputs to the full procedure, and an alliance between these purpose and aims and the wages policy is strategically of import to the effectivity of the wages policy